Items affiliated to "Other organizations Austria"

A

Angeringer, Wolfgang; Weber, Christina and Freudenberger, Gertrude (2017) Gülle besser verstehen – Ergebnisse des Gülleuntersuchungsprojektes 2017. In: Österreichische Fachtagung für biologische Landwirtschaft, 09. November 2017, Bericht HBLFA Raumberg-Gumpenstein 2017, HBLFA Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Raumberg-Gumpenstein, A-8952 Irnding-Donnersbachtal, Raumberg 38, pp. 69-74.

B

Balmer, Oliver; Pfiffner, Lukas; Schied, Johannes; Willareth, Martin; Leimgruber, Andrea; Luka, Henryk and Traugott, Michael (2013) Noncrop flowering plants restore top-down herbivore control in agricultural fields. Ecology and Evolution, 3 (8), pp. 2634-2646.

Bernet, Thomas; Recknagel, Jürgen; Asam, Ludwig and Messmer, Monika (2020) Soia ecologica in republica Moldova. FiBL-Merkblatt. FiBL, Donau Soja, CH-Frick, AT-Vienna.

Bingen, Jim and Freyer, Bernhard (2014) People, Place and Participation. Bringing Together Organic and Place - insights from Austria and the US. In: Building Organic Bridges, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany, 4, Thuenen Report, no. 20, pp. 1171-1174.

Bünemann, Else K.; Reimer, Marie; Smolders, E.; Smith, S.R.; Bigalke, Moritz; Palmqvist, Annemette; Brandt, K.K.; Möller, Kurt; Harder, R.; Hermann, L.; Speiser, Bernhard; Oudshoorn, Frank; Loes, A.-K. and Magid, Jakob (2024) Do contaminants compromise the use of recycled nutrients in organic agriculture? A review and synthesis of current knowledge on contaminant concentrations, fate in the environment and risk assessment. Science of The Total Environment, 912 (168901), pp. 1-18.

Burtscher, Helmut (2006) Pestizidrückstände – wie sicher sind die gesetzlichen Höchstwerte? [Pesticide residues – how safe are Maximal Residue Levels?] Paper at: 6. Europäische Sommerakademie für Biolandwirtschaft, Lednice na Moravé, CZ, 29.06. - 01.07.2006. [Unpublished]

C

Collective publication (2017) 9 Schlüsselkonzepte für eine Vielfalt von Lebensmitteln. [9 key-concepts for food diversity.] DIVERSIFOOD project . [Completed]

D

David, C.; Abecassis, J.; Carcea, M.; Celette, F.; Friedel, J.K.; Hellou, G.; Hiltbrunner, J.; Messmer, M.; Narducci, V.; Peigné, J.; Samson, M.-F.; Schweinzer, A.; Thomsen, I.K. and Thommen, A. (2012) Organic Bread Wheat Production and Market in Europe. In: Lichtfouse, Eric (Ed.) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 43-62.

Deerberg, Friedhelm; Maurer, Veronika and Zeltner, Esther (2010) Freilandhaltung von Legehennen. FiBL, Bioland, Bio Ernte Austria.

Döring, Thomas and Kromp, Bernhard (2003) Which carabid species benefit from organic agriculture? - a review of comparative studies in winter cereals from Germany and Switzerland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 98, pp. 153-161.

{Tool} Biodiversity measures in the agricultural landscape. [Biodiversitätsmaßnahmen in der Agrarlandschaft.] Creator(s): Drapela, Thomas; Eckerstorfer, Katrin; Hochreiter, Julia; Klingbacher, Elisabeth; Meindl, Peter and Spöck, Katharina. Issuing Organisation(s): FiBL - Research Institute of Organic Agriculture. (2022)

E

Erb, Karl-Heinz; Lauk, Christian; Kastner, Thomas; Mayer, Andreas; Theurl, Michaela C. and Haberl, Helmut (2016) Exploring the biophysical option space for feeding the world without deforestation. Nature Communication, 7 (11382), pp. 1-9.

F

Fischl, Martin; Surböck, Andreas; Lehner, Daniel; Traudtner, Franz; Gerstl, Marion and Doppelbauer, Lisa (editor): Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich, LFI (Ed.) (2024) Biofrühjahrsanbau 2024. Bionet Brschüre. Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich, AT-Wien .

{Tool} How to successfully convert to organic arable farming. [Bio-Umstellung - Erfolgreich in den Bioackerbau starten.] Creator(s): Fischl, Martin; Surböck, Andreas and Kranzler, Andreas. Issuing Organisation(s): LFI - Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich. OK-Net Arable Leaflets and guidelines. (2017)

{Tool} Organic quality wheat production - Results of long-term field trials of cultivation and selection of varieties. [Qualitätsweizenerzeugung im Biolandbau - Mehrjährige Ergebnisse zu Kulturführungsmaßnahmen und Sortenwahl aus Bionet-Praxisversuchen.] Creator(s): Fischl, Martin; Traudtner, Franz; Surböck, Andreas and Kranzler, Andreas. Issuing Organisation(s): LFI - Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich. OK-Net Arable Leaflets and guidelines. (2016)

Franke-Whittle, Ingrid H.; Knapp, Brigitte A.; Fuchs, Jacques; Kaufmann, Ruediger and Insam, Heribert (2009) Application of COMPOCHIP Microarray to Investigate the Bacterial Communities of Different Composts. Microbial Ecology, 57 (3), pp. 510-521.

{Tool} Organic Cultivation of Green Peas. [Bio-Grünerbsenanbau (Informationen zu Kulturführung und Schaderregern sowie Ergebnisse aus Bionet-Praxisversuchen).] Creator(s): Fürnkranz-Tuvshintugs, Michael; Kastelliz, Arno; Pollan, Sieglinde; Schmidt, Harald; Schneeberger, Daniela; Vorderwülbecke, Birgit and Ziebell, Heiko. Issuing Organisation(s): LFI - Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich. OK-Net Arable Leaflets and guidelines. (2016)

G

Gadermaier, Florian; Berner, Alfred; Fließbach, Andreas; Friedel, Jürgen Kurt and Mäder, Paul (2011) Impact of reduced tillage on soil organic carbon and nutrient budgets under organic farming. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 27 (1), pp. 68-80.

Gerlach, Florian; Grieb, Beatrice and Zerger, Uli (2014) Nachhaltige Biogaserzeugung - Ein Handbuch für Biolandwirte. [Sustsainable biogas prodiction - A handbook for organic farmers.] FiBL Projekte GmbH, D-Frankfurt am Main.

{Tool} Compost: practical information (Best4Soil Factsheet). Creator(s): Grand, Alfred. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Landwirtschaft Grand. Best4Soil Factsheet. (2020)

{Tool} Compost: practical information (Best4Soil Video). Creator(s): Grand, Alfred. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Landwirtschaft Grand. Best4Soil Video. (2020)

{Tool} Compost: Thermophilic compost (Best4Soil Factsheet). Creator(s): Grand, Alfred. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Landwirtschaft Grand. Best4Soil Factsheet. (2020)

{Tool} Compost: Thermophilic compost (Best4Soil Video). Creator(s): Grand, Alfred. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Landwirtschaft Grand. Best4Soil Video. (2020)

{Tool} Compost: Advantages and Disadvantages (Best4Soil Factsheet). Creator(s): Grand, Alfred and Michel, Vincent. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Landwirtschaft Grand, Agroscope. Best4Soil Factsheet. (2020)

{Tool} Compost: Advantages and Disadvantages (Best4Soil Video). Creator(s): Grand, Alfred and Michel, Vincent. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Landwirtschaft Grand, Agroscope. Best4Soil Factsheet. (2020)

{Tool} Soil organic matter (Best4Soil Factsheet). Creator(s): Grand, Alfred and Michel, Vincent. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Landwirtschaft Grand, Agroscope. Best4Soil Factsheet. (2020)

{Tool} Soil organic matter (Best4Soil Video). Creator(s): Grand, Alfred and Michel, Vincent. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil. Best4Soil Video. (2020)

Gyöngyösi, Emese; Hochreither, Julia; Judt, Christine; Lehner, Daniel; Lengauer, Doris; Maierhofer, Helene; Pelleter, Johannes and Pölz, Andrea (editor): Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich (Ed.) (2024) Biogemüsefibel 2024. Biogemüsefibel. .

H

Hadjikakou, M.; Bowles, N.; Geyik, O.; Conijn, J.G.; Mogollón, J.M.; Bodirsky, B.L.; Müller, A.; Weindl, I.; Moallemi, E.A.; Shaikh, M.A.; Damerau, K.; Davis, K.F.; Pfister, S.; Springmann, M.; Clark, M.; Metson, G.S.; Röös, E.; Bajzelj, B.; Graham, N.T.; Wisser, D.; Doelman, J.C.; Deppermann, A.; Theurl, M.C.; Pradhan, P.; Stevanovic, M.; Lauk, C.; Chang, J.; Heck, V.; Ercin, E.; Peng, L.; Springer, N.P.; Bouwman, A.F.; Morais, T.G.; Valin, H.; Mason-D'Croz, D.; Erb, K.-H.; Popp, M.A.; Herrero, M.; Dumas, P.; Zhang, X.; Searchinger, T. and Bryan, B.A. (2023) Mitigating risk of exceeding environmental limits requires ambitious food system interventions. Preprint, x, xx-xx. [Submitted]

{Tool} Organic cultivation in autumn 2016 - Varieties, Seeds and Crop management. [Bioherbstanbau 2016 (Informationen zu Sorten, Saatgut und Kulturführung).] Creator(s): Hein, Waltraud; Fischl, Martin; Traudtner, Franz; Kober, Wolfgang; Stöbisch, Christian and Kranzler, Andreas. Issuing Organisation(s): LFI - Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich. OK-Net Arable Leaflets and guidelines. (2016)

{Tool} Organic Cultivation in Spring 2016 - Varieties, Seeds and Crop management. [Biofrühjahrsanbau 2016 - Informationen zu Sorten, Saatgut, und Kulturführung.] Creator(s): Hein, Waltraud; Fischl, Martin; Traudtner, Franz; Stöbich, Christian and Kranzler, Andreas. Issuing Organisation(s): LFI - Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich. OK-Net Arable Leaflets and guidelines. (2016)

J

Jani, Anant; Exner, Andreas; Braun, Reiner; Braun, Brigitte; Torri, Luisa; Verhoeven, Sofie; Murante, Anna Maria; van Devijvere, Stefanie; Harrington, Janas; Ochoa, Amalia; Marchiori, Giorgia Dalla Libera; Defranceschi, Peter; Bunker, Aditi; Bärnighausen, Till; Sanz, Esther; Napoléone, Claude; Verger, Eric O.; Schader, Christian; Röklov, Joacim; Stegemann, Ingrid; Tonello, Samuele; Perderson, Robert; Kristensen, Niels Heine; Smits, Tim; Wascher, Dirk; Voshol, Peter; Kaptejins, Annemarie; Nesrallah, Samantha; Kjorven, Olav; DeClerck, Fabrice; Biella, Cristina; Gjorgjioska, Marija Adela; Tomicic, Ana; Ferreira Oliveira, Ana Teresa; Bracco, Stefania; Estevens, Sandra; Rossi, Luigi; Laister, Günther; Rozalska, Aleksandra; Jankuloski, Borche; Hurbin, Christophe; Maylis, Jannic; Steel, Fiona; Manbaliu, Ewoud; de Jager, Karin; Sfetsos, Athanasios; Konstantopoulou, Maria; Kapetanakis, Pavlos-Alexandro; Hickersberger, Michaela; Chiffard, Elsa and Woollhead, Carina (2022) Transitions to food democracy through multilevel governance. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, pp. 1-10.

K

Kaiblinger, Karin and Zehetgruber, Rosemarie (2006) Diätzusammensetzung und Veränderungen im Lebensstil: Interaktionen mit der biologischen Produktion. [Diet composition and lifestyle changes: interactions with organic production.] Paper at: 6. Europäische Sommerakademie für Biolandwirtschaft, Lednice na Moravé, CZ, 29.06. - 01.07.2006. [Unpublished]

Kreinöcker, K.; Hagmüller, Werner and Schmoll, F. (2017) Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Leptospiren-, Toxoplasmen- und PRRSV-Antikörpern sowie von Salmonellen und Spulwurmeiern auf österreichischen Bioschweinebetrieben. Paper at: 14. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau, Campus Weihenstephan, Freising-Weihenstephan, 07.-10. März 2017.

L

{Tool} Profile of a farm with integrated soya production, processing and laying hen husbandry. [Mein Hof, Mein Weg - Monschein - Hebenstreit.] Creator(s): Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich, LFI. Issuing Organisation(s): LFI - Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich. OK-Net EcoFeed-selected tool. (2018)

Leach, Katharine; Gerrard, Catherine L; Kudahl, Anne Braad; Nykänen, Arja; Vaarst, Mette; Weissensteiner, Roswitha and Padel, Susanne (2012) Assessing the sustainability of EU dairy farms with different management systems and husbandry practices. In: Rahmann, Gerold and Godinho, D (Eds.) Agriculture and Forestry Research (362), pp. 277-281.

M

March, Solveig; Brinkmann, Jan and Haager, Daniela (2021) Public Benefits Of Organic Livestock Farming As For Aspects Of Animal Welfare Compared To Con-Ventional Agriculture - Results Of A Systematic Literature Review -. Paper at: Organic World Congress 2021, Science Forum: 6th ISOFAR Conference co-organised with INRA, FiBL, Agroecology Europe, TP Organics and ITAB, Rennes, France, 8 - 10 September, 2021. [Completed]

{Tool} Green manures & cover crops: Advantages & disadvantages (Best4Soil Factsheet). Creator(s): Michel, Vincent; Grand, Alfred and Schlathölter, Michaela. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Agroscope, Vermigrand, P. H. Petersen Saatzucht Lundsgaard. Best4Soil Factsheet. (2020)

{Tool} Green manures & cover crops: Advantages & disadvantages (Best4Soil Video). Creator(s): Michel, Vincent; Grand, Alfred and Schlathölter, Michaela. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Agroscope, Vermigrand, P. H. Petersen Saatzucht Lundsgaard. Best4Soil Video. (2020)

{Tool} Green manures & cover crops: practical information (Best4Soil Factsheet). Creator(s): Michel, Vincent; Grand, Alfred and Schlathölter, Michaela. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Agroscope, Vermigrand, P. H. Petersen Saatzucht Lundsgaard. Best4Soil Factsheet. (2020)

{Tool} Green manures & cover crops: practical information (Best4Soil Video). Creator(s): Michel, Vincent; Grand, Alfred and Schlathölter, Michaela. Issuing Organisation(s): Best4Soil, Agroscope, Vermigrand, P. H. Petersen Saatzucht Lundsgaard. Best4Soil Video. (2020)

N

Neuendorff, Jochen (2014) IRM-ORGANIC - Training on improved risk management tools for organic inspectors. Paper at: IFOAM Organic World Congress 2014, Istanbul, Turkey, 13-15 October 2014. [Completed]

Nobelmann, Martin; Chovanec, Tomáš; Evans, Rhys; Hudcová, Eliška; Jancsovszka, Paulina; Moudrý, Jan; Pařízek, Michal; Schneider, Claudia; Steininger, Birgit and Ujj, Apolka (2019) Entwicklung von Aus- und Weiterbildungsinhalten zur Sozialen Landwirtschaft in Ländern Europas. [Developing Content for Higher Education on Social Farming in Europe.] In: Mühlrath, Daniel; Albrecht, Joana; Finckh, Maria R.; Hamm, Ulrich; Heß, Jürgen; Knierim, Ute and Möller, Detlev (Eds.) Innovatives Denken für eine nachhaltige Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft. Beiträge zur 15. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau, Kassel, 5. bis 8. März 2019, Verlag Dr. Köster, Berlin.

P

Podstatzky, Leopold and Thurnhofer, R. (2017) Die Untersuchung der Überlebensfähigkeit von infektionsfähigen Endoparasitenlarven in Silagen unterschiedlicher Qualität. Poster at: 14. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau, Campus Weihenstephan, Freising-Weihenstephan, 7. -10. März 2017.

Prunier, Armelle; Dippel, Sabine; Bodicchio, David; Bourgoin, Aude; Goebel, Amke; Leeb, Christine; Lindgren, Kristina; Wiberg, Sofia; Sundrum, Albert and Bonde, Marianne (2010) Piglet mortality in organic herds. Paper at: Annual meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Heraklion, Greece, 23-27 August 2010.

R

{Tool} Detecting heat damages in processed soya bean with NIR (OK-Net Ecofeed Video). Creator(s): Rittler, Leopold. Issuing Organisation(s): Donau Soja. OK-Net Ecofeed Video. (2021)

{Tool} Guide for assessing the protein quality in soya feed products (OK-Net EcoFeed Practice Abstract). Creator(s): Rittler, Leopold. Issuing Organisation(s): Donau Soja. OK-Net EcoFeed Practice Abstract, no. 005. (2020)

{Tool} Guide for farms to plan small scale soya bean processing equipment (OK-Net EcoFeed Practice Abstract). Creator(s): Rittler, Leopold. Issuing Organisation(s): Donau Soja. OK-Net-Ecofeed Practice Abstract, no. 029. (2020)

{Tool} Recommendations for using soya-based feedstuffs in pig husbandry (OK-Net Ecofeed Practice Abstract). Creator(s): Rittler, Leopold. Issuing Organisation(s): Donau Soja. Practice Abstract, no. 027. (2020)

{Tool} Toasting soybeans for feeding laying hens (OK-Net EcoFeed Video). [Legehennenfütterung: Soja toasten.] Creator(s): Rittler, Leopold and Alföldi, Thomas. Issuing Organisation(s): Donau Soja, FiBL - Research Institute of Organic Agriculture. (2020)

{Tool} On-farm soy processing – toasting soy for pig fattening (OK-Net EcoFeed video). [Sojatoasten für die Schweinefütterung.] Creator(s): Rittler, Leopold and Alföldi, Thomas. Issuing Organisation(s): Donau Soja, FiBL - Research Institute of Organic Agriculture. (2020)

{Tool} Unprocessed soya beans low in trypsin inhibitors in organic pig fattening diets (OK-Net EcoFeed Practice Abstract). Creator(s): Rittler, Leopold; Raser, Helmut; Puntigam, Reinhard and Slama, Julia. Issuing Organisation(s): Donau Soja. OK-Net EcoFeed Practice Abstract, no. 025. (2020)

Röös, Elin; Mayer, Andreas; Müller, Adrian; Kalt, Gerald; Ferguson, Shon; Erb, Karl-Heinz; Hart, Rob; Matej, Sarah; Kaufmann, Lisa; Pfeifer, Catherine; Frehner, Anita; Smith, Pete and Schwarz, Gerald (2022) Agroecological practices in combination with healthy diets can help meet EU food system policy targets. Science of The Total Environment, 847 (157612), pp. 1-17.

S

Sarthou, Jean-Pierre; Choisis, J.-P.; Amossé, A.; Arndorfer, M.; Bailey, D.; Balázs, K.; Balent, G.; Deconchat, M.; Dennis, P.; Eiter, S.; Fjellstad, W.; Friedel, J.K.; Jeanneret, Philippe; Jongman, R.H.B; Kainz , M.; Moreno, G.; Ouin, A.; Paoletti, Maurizio G.; Pointereau, Philippe; Stoyanova, S.; Viaggi, Davide; Vialatte, A.; Wolfrum, S. and Herzog, Felix (2013) Biodiversity indicators in organic and conventional farming systems: main results from the European project BIOBIO. [Indicateurs de biodiversité dans les exploitations agricoles biologiques et conventionnelles des Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne, cas d’étude français du projet européen BIOBIO.] Innovations Agronomiques, 32, pp. 333-349.

Schader, Christian; Müller, Adrian; El-Hage Scialabba, Nadia; Hecht, Judith; Isensee, Anne; Erb, Karl-Heinz; Smith, Pete; Makkar, Harinder P.S.; Klocke, Peter; Leiber, Florian; Schwegler, Patrizia; Stolze, Matthias and Niggli, Urs (2015) Impacts of feeding less food-competing feedstuffs to livestock on global food system sustainability. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 12 (0891), pp. 1-12.

Schantl, Mag Micaela and Karner, DI Erika (2006) Information about the markets of organic farming through household panel. Paper at: Joint Organic Congress, Odense, Denmark, May 30-31, 2006.

Schleiffer, Mirjam; Smith, Barbara; Frick, Rebekka; Bredin, Yennie; Ghezal, Sabir; Udall, Donna; Pataki, György; Cooke, Grania; Singsaas, Frode; Soliev, Ilkhom; Czett, Carmen; Bonetti, Marta; Villa, Matteo; Fitzka, Linda; Loučková, Blanka; Mendes, Vinícius and Home, Robert (2023) Report on biodiversity and related concepts perceptions. Delivrable number: D1.1. PLANET4B .

Schürz, Johannes; Hochreiter, Julia; Eckerstorfer, Katrin and Rauöcker, Simon (2023) Erosionsschutz und Ressourcenschonung im Biomaisanbau. ARGE Biomais, A-Wien .

T

Thoenen, Lisa; Kreuzer, Marco; Florean, Matilde; Mateo, Pierre; Züst, Tobias; Giroud, Caitlin; Rouyer, Liza; Gfeller, Valentin; Notter, Matheus D.; Knoch, Eva; Hapfelmeier, Siegfried; Becker, Claude; Schandry, Niklas; Robert, Christelle A. M.; Köllner, Tobias G.; Bruggmann, Rémy; Erb, Matthias and Schlaeppi, Klaus (2023) The lactonase BxdA mediates metabolic adaptation of maize root bacteria to benzoxazinoids. bioRxiv, xx, xx-xx.

V

van Hal, O.; de Boer, I.J.M.; Müller, A.; de Vries, S.; Erb, K.-H.; Schader, C.; Gerrits, W.J.J. and van Zanten, H.H.E. (2019) Upcycling food leftovers and grass resources through livestock: Impact of livestock system and productivity. Journal of Cleaner Production, 219, pp. 485-496.

Vieweger, Anja; Neuhaus, Malte; Schneider, Regina; Barbi, Martina; Scharpenberg, Holger; Bernholt, Hannah; Guillou, Dominique and Marty, Fiona (2023) Variedades de hortalizas obtenidas sin fusión celular. Liste / Verzeichnis. FiBL, Bio Suisse, Bioland e.V., Demeter e.V., BNN, Bio Austria, Naturland e.V., BioBreizh SCA, FNAB, CH-Frick.

Vieweger, Anja; Neuhaus, Malte; Schneider, Regina; Barbi, Martina; Scharpenberg, Holger; Bernholt, Hannah; Guillou, Dominique and Marty, Fiona (2023) Varietà non ottenute mediante fusione cellulare per l’orticoltura. Elenco. Bio Suisse, Bioland e.V., Demeter e.V., BNN, Naturland e.V., Bio Austria, BioBreizh SCA, FNAB, CH-Frick.

W

Wolfthaler, J.; Steinwidder, Andreas; Frey, H.; Hofstetter, Pius; Gazzarin, C.; Kirchweger, Stefan and Kantelhardt, Jochen (2017) Stall- und weidebasierte Milchproduktionssysteme Modellbetriebsanalysen zur Wirtschaftlichkeit unter österreichischen Produktionsbedingungen. Paper at: 14. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau, Campus Weihenstephan, Freising-Weihenstephan, 07.-10. März 2017.

This list was generated on Fri Apr 19 14:21:41 2024 CEST.